The role of guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine isothiocyanate in the storage solution of virus samples

A liquid that protects the detected substance of the virus, usually divided into two types, one is a non-inactivated type, which can protect the protein and nucleic acid of the virus, and the other is an inactivated type, which usually contains the inactivated guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine isothiocyanate, which breaks the protein and protects the nucleic acid.

Therefore, the virus sample storage solution containing guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine isothiocyanate is the inactivated virus sample storage solution. Tris, guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate and EDTA contained in the storage solution are mainly for the purpose of cracking nucleic acid and releasing nucleic acid, so as to conduct nucleic acid detection through follow-up real-time fluorescent RT-PCR to determine whether the sample contains viral characteristic nucleic acid. That is, whether you have a virus.

Nucleic acid is a biological macromolecule compound polymerized by many nucleotides, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which is one of the basic materials of life. The virus has a single structure and contains only one nucleic acid and protein, so the detection of characteristic nucleic acid can detect the elimination of the virus. The virus is a parasitic organism and cannot survive outside the body after sampling. If it cannot be detected in time, it needs to be put into the virus sample storage solution. In order to protect the safety of the virus detection environment, it is necessary to add guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine isothiocyanate to inactivate the virus, and release the nucleic acid that can be detected.

Guanidine is a nitrogenous organic compound, also known as "iminourea", "iminourea", "aminoformamidine". Guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine isothiocyanate are powerful inhibitors of nucleases, which facilitate the extraction of intact RNA from RNase-rich tissues. Guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine isothiocyanate can not only rapidly destroy cell membranes, but also denaturate proteins, making proteins denaturate and precipitate, so that nucleic acids can get rid of proteins. Inactivated virus preservation solution containing guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine isothiocyanate can fully and effectively lysate cells, so that nucleic acids in cells can be fully released, and nucleic acids with higher concentration can be obtained, which is conducive to improving the quality of nucleic acids and ensuring the accuracy of subsequent operations.